Study on the relationship between severe knee osteoarthritis and bone marrow edema / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between bone marrow edema and pathological changes, symptoms and signs of severe knee osteoarthritis.@*METHODS@#From January 2020 to March 2021, 160 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who underwrent MRI of the knee at the Department of Bone and Joint, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were included. Eighty patients with bone marrow edema were selected as the case group, including 12 males and 68 females, aged from 51 to 80 years old with an average of (66.58±8.10) years old, the duration of disease 5 to 40 months with an average of (15.61±9.25) months. Eighty patients without bone marrow edema were selected as the control group, including 15 males and 65 females, aged from 50 to 80 years old with an average of (67.82±8.05) years old, the duration of disease 6 to 37 months with an average of (15.75±8.18) months, BMI was (28.26±3.13) kg·m-2 ranged from 21.39 to 34.46 kg·m-2. The degree of bone marrow edema was evaluated by knee whole oragan magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS). The degree of knee osteoarthritis was evaluated by Kellgren- Lawrence(K-L) grade and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The degree of joint pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) and WOMAC pain score, the joint signs were evaluated by tenderness, percussion pain, joint swelling and joint range of motion. To explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and knee osteoarthritis, the prevalence of bone marrow edema and K-L grade were compared between the two groups. Furthermore the WORMS score and WOMAC index, pain-related score, and sign-related score correlation coefficient were analyzed to further explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and knee osteoarthritis index, joint pain symptoms and signs.@*RESULTS@#There was 68.75% (55/80) of the patients in the case group were in K-L grade Ⅳ, and 52.5% (42/80) in the control group, indicating a higher proportion of patients with grade Ⅳ in the case group than the control group (χ2=4.425, P<0.05). In the case group, there was a strong correlation between bone marrow edema WORMS score and knee osteoarthritis WOMAC index. (r=0.873>0.8, P<0.001), a moderate correlation between WORMS score and VAS score and WOMAC pain score(r=0.752, 0.650>0.5, P<0.001), a moderate correlation between WORMS score and percussion pain score (r=0.784>0.5, P<0.001), and a weak correlation between WORMS score and VAS and tenderness score, joint swelling score and joint range of motion score (r=0.194, 0.259, 0.296<0.3, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Our study suggests that severe knee osteoarthritis is associated with an increased risk of bone marrow edema. Bone marrow edema can also lead to knee osteoarthritis joint pain, with percussion pain being a positive sign, but tenderness, joint swelling and limitation of activity are not significantly related to bone marrow edema.

Study on correlation between bone marrow edema and osteoporosis in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore relationship between bone marrow edema(BME) and osteoporosis in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis.@*METHODS@#Unmatched case-control study was conducted. Totally 160 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who had undergone knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone mineral density examination (BMD) from January 2020 to March 2021 were included. Eighty patients complicated with BME were included in BME group, and 80 patients without BME were selected as NBME group. In BME group, there were 12 males and 68 females, aged from 51 to 80 years old with an average of(66.58±8.10) years old;the courses of disease ranged from 5 to 40 months with an average of (15.61±9.25) months;body mass index(BMI) ranged from 21.81 to 34.70 with an average of (27.79±3.00) kg·m-2;25 patients classified to grade Ⅲ and 55 patients grade Ⅳ according to Kellgren- Lawrence(K-L). In NBME group, there were 15 males and 65 females, aged from 50 to 80 years old with an average of(67.82±8.05) years old;the course of disease ranged from 6 to 37 months with an average of(15.75±8.18) months;BMI ranged from 21.39 to 34.46 with an average of (28.26±3.13) kg·m-2;25 patients were K-L Ⅲ and 55 patients with K-L Ⅳ. The degree of bone marrow edema was evaluated by knee whole oragan magnetic resonance imaging score(WORMS). Osteoporosis was diagnosed and BMD was evaluated by DXA T value. To explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and osteoporosis by comparing prevalence rate of osteoporosis between two groups, and to further explore relationship between BME and BMD by Spearman correlation analysis of BME WORMS score and DXA T value in BME group.@*RESULTS@#The complete case data were obtained on the first diagnosis, and there was no significant difference in sex, age, courses of disease and BMI between two groups (P>0.05). The proportion of K-L Ⅳ in BME group was significantly higher than that in NBME (P<0.05). The prevalence rate of osteoporosis in BME group was significantly higher than in NBME group with the same K-L grade (P<0.001), and there was a strong negative correlation between BME WORMS score and DXA BMD T value (r=-0.812, |r|=0.812 >0.8, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Osteoporosis is one of the risk factors of bone marrow edema in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis, and the lower the bone mineral density is, the easier it is to be complicated with bone marrow edema.

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by injection of sinomenine solid lipid nanoparticles under a fluorescence endoscopic laser confocal microscope / 中国中药杂志

A fluorescence endoscopic laser confocal microscope(FELCM) was used to direct the injection of sinomenine solid lipid nanoparticles(Sin-SLN) into the joint, and the in vitro effectiveness of Sin-SLN in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) was evaluated. Sin-SLN was prepared with the emulsion evaporation-low temperature curing method. The Sin-SLN prepared under the optimal conditions showed the encapsulation efficiency of 64.79%±3.12%, the drug loading of 3.84%±0.28%, the average particle size of(215.27±4.21) nm, and the Zeta potential of(-32.67±0.84) mV. Moreover, the Sin-SLN demonstrated good stability after sto-rage for 30 days. The rabbit model of RA was established by the subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin and complete Freund's adjuvant. Five groups were designed, including a control group, a model group, a Sin(1.5 mg·kg~(-1)) group, a Sin-SLN(1.5 mg·kg~(-1)) group, and a dexamethasone(positive drug, 1.0 mg·kg~(-1), ig) group. The control group and the model group only received puncture treatment without drug injection. After drug administration, the local skin temperature and knee joint diameter were monitored every day. The knee joint diameter and the local skin temperature were lower in the drug administration groups than in the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). FELCM recorded the morphological alterations of the cartilage of knee joint. The Sin-SLN group showed compact tissue structure and smooth surface of the cartilage. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to determine the serum le-vels of interleukin-1(IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). The findings revealed that the Sin-SLN group had lower IL-1 and TNF-α levels than the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to reveal the pathological changes of the synovial tissue, which were significantly mitigated in the Sin-SLN group. The prepared Sin-SLN had uniform particle size and high stability. Through joint injection administration, a drug reservoir was formed. Sin-SLN effectively alleviate joint swelling and cartilage damage of rabbit, down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the epithelial proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration of the synovial tissue, demonstrating the efficacy in treating RA.

Application of photoacoustic imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of skin tumors / 中华皮肤科杂志

Photoacoustic imaging is a kind of non-invasive technology without ionizing radiation that can be used to image optical absorbers in tumor tissues according to the principle of "light in and sound out". It has the advantages of high contrast of optical imaging as well as high penetrability of acoustic imaging. However, current researches on photoacoustic imaging are still limited in the laboratory. This technology can be used for detection of cutaneous melanoma in situ and non-melanoma skin cancer, sentinel lymph node imaging, detection and eradication of circulating tumor cells by combining real-time laser ablation technique, and versatile imaging and treatment with the aid of exogenous imaging agents. This review summarizes preclinical experiments about photoacoustic imaging technology in skin tumors, with a view to promoting its clinical application at an early date.

Application of optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of the application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis of congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia (CPT) in children.Methods:Ten children with neurofibromatosis type Ⅰ (NF1) and CPT were treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to December 2019, and enrolled as the experimental group.The bone tissue samples were collected and subjected to OCT scanning after intraoperative observation and evaluation, and were contrasted with conventional histological examination.During the same period, the bone tissues of 5 non-NF1 and non-CPT induced-labor fetuses were collected as the control group for the above examination, and the bone tissue examination results of the experimental group and the control group were compared as well.Results:Compared with the bone tissues of the control group, that of the experimental group displayed thickening trabecular bone, part of trabecular bone fusion, disordered arrangement, proliferation and fatification of interstitial fibrous tissue.OCT scan can directly show the nerves and blood vessels in the bone tissue, scattered in adipose tissue.OCT scan showed that the bone tissues of the control group were neatly arranged, with dense and regular shadows.The bone tissues of the experimental group could be observed with strong refraction, loose arrangement, and disordered bone fractures, fibrous ossification, scattered nerves, blood vessels, and increased vacuolar fat cells.Conclusions:OCT can quickly and clearly scan the freshly isolated tissues and directly display the internal structure of the tissues.It is highly compatible with routine pathological examinations and can be an effective supplement to the pathological diagnosis of children with CPT and retain samples for subsequent genetic studies.

Clinicopathological analysis and surgical strategy of primary appendiceal neoplasms / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, surgical methods and prognosis of primary appendiceal neoplasms. Methods: A descriptive case series study was performed. Clinical data of patients diagnosed with primary appendiceal neoplasms in Peking University First Hospital from 2006 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who underwent surgery and were confirmed as appendiceal neoplasms by postoperative pathology were included. Cases of cecal tumor invading the appendix and other organ tumors implanting in the appendix and cases of recurrent appendix tumors were excluded Pathological classification was based on the 4th edition of the WHO classification of digestive tract tumors (2010 edition), and the efficacy of operation methods of low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) were analyzed. Results: A total of 115 patients were enrolled, including 52 males and 63 females with a median age of 59 (51, 71) years. Clinical symptoms usually manifested as dormant pain in the right lower quadrant, migrating right lower abdominal pain, fever and bloating. Twenty-four cases were accidentally discovered during surgery, and 21 cases were found by physical examination. The preoperative diagnosis rate of CT and ultrasound was 40.2% (43/107) and 25.5% (24/94) respectively. The postoperative pathological types contained 83 cases of LAMN, 12 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma, 9 cases of appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms (aNEN), 2 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells, 3 cases of serrated adenoma, 2 cases of goblet cell carcinoid, 2 cases of lymphoma, 1 case of leiomyoma and 1 case of schwannomas. All the patients underwent surgical resection, including 41 cases of appendectomy, 21 cases of partial cecectomy, 48 cases of right hemicolectomy, and 5 cases of combined organ resection due to appendiceal tumor infiltration or dissemination. Eighteen cases were diagnosed with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) during operation. A total of 98 patients were enrolled for follow-up. The median follow-up time was 58 (5-172) months. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 84.5% and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 88.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed that high-grade malignancy tumors (HR=25.881, 95% CI: 2.827-236.935, P=0.004) and PMP formation (HR=42.166, 95% CI: 3.470-512.439,P=0.003) were independent risk factors for prognosis. Patients undergoing right hemicolectomy presented longer operation time, more blood loss and higher morbidity of complication as compared to those undergoing appendectomy and partial cecectomy (all P<0.05), while no significant differences in 5-year DFS (P=0.627) and 5-year OS (P=0.718) were found. Conclusions: Primary appendiceal neoplasms usually have no typical features, accompanied with low preoperative diagnosis rate. The common pathological types are LAMN, mucinous adenocarcinoma and aNEN. Appendectomy or partial cecectomy for LAMN may achieve satisfactory prognosis. High-grade malignancy tumors and PMP formation are independent risk factors for prognosis.

Effect of Xuebijing injection on inflammatory markers and disease outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To observe the influence of Xuebijing injection on the inflammatory markers and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.Methods:Sixty severe COVID-19 patients admitted to Changsha Public Health Treatment Center (North Hospital of the First Hospital of Changsha City) from January to March in 2020 were randomly divided into routine treatment group, Xuebijing 50 mL group and Xuebijing 100 mL group, with 20 cases in each group. The routine treatment group was treated according to the National Health Commission's guide for COVID-19. On the basis of conventional treatment, Xuebijing injection was injected by 50 mL twice a day for 7 days in Xuebijing 50 mL group, while by 100 mL twice a day for 7 days in Xuebijing 100 mL group. The blood routine test, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ) score, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid test and disease classification of three groups before and 8 days after treatment were observed.Results:① After treatment, the white blood cell count (WBC) and lymphocyte count (LYM) of three groups increased, meanwhile CRP and ESR decreased. Compared with routine treatment group, the WBC count of Xuebijing 100 mL group after treatment significantly increased (×10 9/L: 7.12±0.55 vs. 5.67±0.51, P < 0.05), and the levels of CRP and ESR in Xuebijing 50 mL and 100 mL groups significantly decreased [CRP (mg/L): 32.3±4.6, 28.0±6.2 vs. 37.3±5.9; ESR (mm/1 h): 45.9±5.7, 40.5±7.4 vs. 55.3±6.6, all P < 0.05]. Compared with Xuebijing 50 mL group, the increase of WBC, and the decrease of CRP and ESR were more significant in Xuebijing 100 mL group [WBC (×10 9/L): 7.12±0.55 vs. 5.82±0.49, CRP (mg/L): 28.0±6.2 vs. 32.3±4.6, ESR (mm/1 h): 40.5±7.4 vs. 45.9±5.7, all P < 0.05]. ② After treatment, the APACHEⅡscore of three groups decreased. In Xuebijing 100 mL group, the APACHEⅡscore after treatment was significantly lower than those in routine treatment and Xuebijing 50 mL groups (12.3±1.5 vs. 16.5±1.6, 15.9±1.4, both P < 0.05). After treatment, the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test in three groups partly turned negative, with 9 cases in routine treatment group, 8 cases in Xuebijing 50 mL group and 9 cases in Xuebijing 100 mL group, without significant difference ( P > 0.05). The conditions of patients in the three groups were improved after treatment, among them, 8 cases in the routine treatment group were transformed into common type, 1 case into critical type; 9 cases and 12 cases of Xuebijing 50 mL group and 100 mL group were transformed into common type respectively. Xuebijing 100 mL group was improved more obviously than Xuebijing 50 mL group and routine treatment group (both P < 0.05). Conclusion:The Xuebijing injection can effectively improve the inflammatory markers and prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients.

Comparison of clinical effects between TransPRK with intelligent pulse technology and SMILE for myopia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical outcome of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) using 1 050 Hz ablation frequency and intelligent pulse technique (SPT) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for myopia and astigmatism.Methods:A cohort study was performed.Eighty-five eyes of 43 patients who received TransPRK for myopia and 85 eyes of 46 patients who received SMILE for myopia in the Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM were enrolled from August 2017 to April 2018.The follow-up duration was 6 months.The changes of visual acuity and diopter were observed and compared before and after operation, and the predictability, stability, safety, effectiveness and long-term vision were compared between the different surgeries.This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM.Results:The refractive power tended to be emmetropic and relatively stable in the TransPRK group, and the refraction varied from mild hyperopia to emmetropic gradually during 6 months after SMILE.There was no significant difference in the spherical equivalent (SE) between the two groups before and after operation (all at P>0.05). No significant difference was found in mean validity index between the two groups at 6 months after surgery (1.189±0.248 vs.1.120±0.205; t=1.862, P=0.065). The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) in the SMILE group was significantly higher than that in the TransPRK group at 7 days and 1 month after surgery ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in UCVA between the two groups at 3 months and 6 months after surgery ( P>0.05). The safety index at 6 months after surgery in the TransPRK group was 1.209±0.222, which was significantly higher than 1.143±0.178 in the SMILE group, with a significant difference between the two groups ( t=2.024, P=0.045). Conclusions:The predictability, stability, safety, effectiveness and long-term vision are good after TransPRK with SPT and SMILE for myopia and astigmatism.The safety index is better in TransPRK compared with SMILE, and the restoration of vision is faster after SMILE than that after TransPRK.

Photoacoustic imaging and photoacoustic spectrum analysis in mouse models of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To establish a photoacoustic detection system and data processing methods for skin tumors,and to explore photoacoustic imaging and photoacoustic spectrum in mouse models of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).Methods A total of 60 healthy specific pathogen-free (SPF) female BALB/C nude mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups to be inoculated with a murine CSCC cell line XL50 and a human CSCC cell line A431 respectively on the right back near the upper limbs,and mouse models of murine CSCC (n =20) and human CSCC (n =20) were successfully established.The 850-nm photoacoustic detection system was applied in the above 2 kinds of mouse models,and photoacoustic imaging and photoacoustic spectrum data were collected.The fitted slope of acoustic power spectrum curves was compared between squamous cell carcinoma tissues and normal skin on the left back of the mouse model.After the photoacoustic detection,tumor tissues and normal skin at the opposite side were excised from the 2 kinds of mouse models,and subjected to histopathological examination.The fitted slope of different tissues was compared by using t test.Results Photoacoustic imaging showed higher photoacoustic signals of hemoglobin in squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with the normal skin tissues.In the model of murine CSCC,the fitted slope of acoustic power spectrum curve was significantly lower in the tumor tissues (-1.827 ± 0.153 1) than in the normal skin tissues (-1.059 ± 0.117 8,t =3.973,P ＜ 0.001).In the model of human CSCC,the fitted slope of acoustic power spectrum curve was also significantly lower in the tumor tissues (-1.537 ± 0.125 5) than in the normal skin tissues (-0.960 ± 0.259 7,t =2.166,P =0.043).Histopathological examination showed that the number of vessels increased in the tumor tissues compared with the normal skin tissues.Conclusion CSCC tissues are different from normal skin tissues in photoacoustic imaging signals and the fitted slope of acoustic power spectrum,which may lay a foundation for non-invasive photoacoustic diagnosis of CSCC.

Efficacy analysis of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with total pelvic exenteration in the treatment of primary T4b rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) combined with total pelvic exenteration (TPE) in the treatment of primary T4b rectal cancer.@*METHODS@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinicopathological data of 31 patients with primary T4b rectal cancer who underwent TPE from January 2008 to December 2015 at Peking University First Hospital.@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#preoperative clinical stage (cTNM) was defined as cT4b primary rectal cancer with only front wall Invasion; the lower edge of tumor was within 10 cm from the anal margin; TPE was performed; R0 resection was confirmed by pathology. Patients with recurrent rectal cancer, distant metastasis, and undergoing TPE for non-rectal tumors were excluded. Patients were divided into nCRT group and non-nCRT group according to whether receiving nCRT before surgery. The nCRT group received long course radiotherapy (total dose 50 Gy in 25 daily fractions) with concomitant chemotherapy (Capecitabine), and the surgery was performed 6-8 weeks after the neoadjuvant chemoradiation, while the non-nCRT group received surgery directly. The intraoperative, postoperative and pathological conditions and local recurrence were compared between the two groups. The survival curves were drawn by Kaplan-Meier method and the survival of two groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#A total of 31 patients were enrolled, including 13 patients in the nCRT group and 18 patients in the non-nCRT group. The baseline data, such as age, duration of disease, preoperative basic disease, body mass index, smoking rate, and tumor distance from the anal margin, were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05). In the nCRT group and non-nCRT group respectively, the ratio of anal preservation was 30.8%(4/13) and 38.9%(7/18) (P=0.468), the median intraoperative blood loss was 1 000 ml and 800 ml (P=0.644), the operation time was (531.7±137.2) minutes and (498.0±90.1) minutes (P=0.703), the median hospital stay was 18 days and 14 days (P=0.400), the morbidity of complications within 30 days after surgery was 23.1%(3/13) and 38.9%(7/18)(P=0.452), the incidence of postoperative abdominal abscess was 15.4%(2/13) and 0 (P=0.168), the proportion of secondary surgery was 7.7%(1/13) and 11.1%(2/18)(P=1.000), whose differences were not significantly different. The proportion of postoperative pathological pT4b in whole group was 58.1%(18/31), including 53.8%(7/13) in nCRT group and 61.1%(11/18) in non-nCRT group, which was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.691). The number of harvested lymph node in nCRT group was 13.5±5.9, which was significantly less than 23.0±11.8 in non-nCRT group (P=0.013). There was no pathological complete remission (ypCR) case in nCRT group, and among 13 patients, tumor regression grade (TRG) of 2, 3, 4, and 5 was in 1 case (7.7%), 6 cases (46.2%), 5 cases(38.5%), and 1 case (7.7%), respectively. The median follow-up time was 33 (2 to 115) months, and the follow-up rate was 93.5%(29/31). One case was lost in both the nCRT group and non-nCRT group. The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 43.5% in pooled data, and was 43.6% and 43.3% in nCRT group and non-CRT group respectively without significant difference (P=0.833). The 3-year overall survival rate was 51.1% in pooled data, and was 45.7% and 54.7% in nCRT group and non-nCRT group respectively without significant difference (P=0.653).The local recurrence rate of nCRT and non-nCRT groups was 8.3%(1/12) and 5.9%(1/17) respectively, and the distant metastasis rate was 50.0%(6/12) and 41.2%(7/17) respectively, whose differences were not statistically significant as well (P=1.000 and P=0.865, respectively).@*CONCLUSION@#For primary T4b rectal cancer which can achieve R0 resection through total pelvic exenteration, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has not been demonstrated any advantage in tumor regression, reducing local recurrence, or improving survival, and may increase postoperative complications.

Curcumin Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation of Young Mice through Inhibiting the Activation of p38 MAPK and AKT / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To investigate the effects of dietary curcumin on the prevention and treatment of allergic airway inflamma?tion in young mice for simulating the allergic airway inflammation of 3-12 years old children.[Methods]The 4 weeks young female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=8): Control group, Model group and curcumin group (800 mg curcumin/ kg diet). 24 h after the last OVA challenge, the symptoms of mice in each group were observed, the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalve?olar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, various kinds of blood cells were detected, the inflammatory cells around the peribronchial ar?eas stained by H&E and the goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs stained by PAS were analyzed. Additionally, the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the BALF and the total IgE level in the plasma were detected by ELISA, and the activation of p38 MAPK and AKT was measured by western blot.[Results]The mice of model group showed the symptoms of allergic airway inflammation, such as repeatedly scratched the noses, showed nodding breath, notably, the weight of model mice was decreased significantly during the OVA challenge phase, while the symptoms mentioned above were alleviated in curcurmin group. The blood cells test found that the curcumin could in?hibit the elevation of the eosinophils significantly (P<0.05). Dietary curcumin treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory cells in the BALF and peribronchial areas, and the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 levels in the BALF were significantly inhibited (P<0.05). The goblet cell hyperplasia was attenuated by curcumin treatment, and the dietary curcumin inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK and AKT sig?naling.[Conclusions]Dietary curcumin can alleviate the allergic airway inflammation of young mice, which may through inhibiting the transduction of p-38 MAPK and AKT signaling.

Clinical value of bronchoscopy in diagnosis of AIDS combined bacteria sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of utility of bronchoscopy in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients with Bacteria sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods Bronchoscopy was conducted to 65 AIDS patients with bacteria sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis in the first hospital of Changsha. The patients’ bronchoalveolar lavage fluid through the electronic bronchoscopy, mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture, brushings and biopsy pathology were analyzed.Results 65 cases, bronchoscope alveolar lavage lfuid smear positive acid-fast stain 14 cases (21.54%), BAL mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positive 20 cases (30.76%), a bronchoscope brush positive 24 cases (36.92%), 35 cases of bronchoscopy biopsy, according to the performance under the bronchoscope positive 21 cases (60.00%), bronchoscopy combined different methods conifrmed 43 cases (66.15%).Conclusions Bronchoscopy in AIDS with bacteria sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, it has important application value.

Simultaneous determination of ten constituents in Dengzhan Xixin Injection by HPLC / 中成药

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of 5-caffeoylquinic acid,chlorogenic acid,4-caffeoylquinic acid,caffeic acid,1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid,scutellarin,isochlorogenic acid B,3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid,apigenin-7-O-glucronide and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in Dengzhan Xixin Injection [Erigeron breviscapus (Vaniot.) Hand.-Mazz].METHODS The analysis of aqueous extract of this drug was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Inertsil(R) ODS-3 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.4％ phosphoric acid-acetonitrile flowing at 0.9 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 327 nm.RESULTS Ten constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r≥0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 94.11％-100.64％ with the RSDs of 1.12％-2.77％.CONCLUSION This simple,accurate and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Dengzhan Xixin Injection.

Clinical study on treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis through one-stage anterolateral-posterior approach / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of one-stage anterolateral-posterior approach debridement,bone graft and internal fixation in treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis.Methods From January 2010 to December 2014,56 cases of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed, including 31 males and 25 females,aged 18 -72 years (mean 43.1 years).All patients were managed by standard courses of chemotherapy with quadruple anti-TB drugs for 2 - 4 weeks.Patients were treated by anterolateral debridement,autologous iliac bone graft fixed by absorbable screw fixation,and posterior pedicle screw fixation via multi-split muscle gap (Wiltse approach).We recorded the operation time,the amount of bleeding,bone graft fusion,postoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),Cobb angle,VAS score,and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)score to evaluate the surgical results.Results The average operation time was 175-290 min, with an average of (248±42)min.The bleeding volume was 300 -900 mL with an average of (420 ±68)mL.The average follow-up time was (24 ± 5.2 )months,bone fusion rate was 100%,and fusion time was (4.7 ± 0.5 ) months.At the last follow-up,the average Cobb angle was (8.2±3.1)°,VAS was (2.1±0.8),and ESR was (17± 4.2)mm/h.The ASIA neurological functions were all classified as Grade E except for 3 cases of Grade D.All these were significantly different from the preoperative ones.Six patients had complications of different degree but without serious complications.Conclusion One-stage anterolateral debridement,autologous iliac bone graft fixedby absorbable screw fixation,and posterior pedicle screw fixation via multi-split muscle gap (Wiltse approach)can completely remove the tuberculosis lesions and achieve ideal kyphosis correction,high bone graft fusion,and satisfactory neurological function recovery.Absorbable screws can be safely applied to the bone graft site after debridement.

Simultaneous determination of six constituents in Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills by HPLC / 中成药

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of six constituents in Tibetan medicine Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills (Croci Stigma,Dalbergiae odoriferae Lignum,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,etc.).METHODS The analysis of 50％ methanol extract of this drug was carried out on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Inertsil(C)ODS-3 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.2％ phosphoric acid-acetonitrile flowing at 0.8 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm.RESULTS Gallic acid,corilagin,agarotetrol,ellagic acid,crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 1.41-42.24,0.61-18.24,0.30-9.12,0.47-14.04,0.62-18.48 and 0.32-9.45 μg/mL (R2 ≥0.999 4),whose average recoveries (RSDs) were 93.41％ (1.75％),96.84％ (1.75％),97.45％ (0.58％),93.22％ (0.56％),97.01％ (1.39％) and 97.22％ (1.11％),respectively.The contents of various constituents in different batches of samples from two manufactures showed some differences,especially for those of corilagin and agarotetrol.CONCLUSION We should pay attention to the unstable quality of Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills.

Clinical study on treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis through one-stage anterolateral-posterior approach / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of one-stage anterolateral-posterior approach debridement,bone graft and internal fixation in treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis.Methods From January 2010 to December 2014,56 cases of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed, including 31 males and 25 females,aged 18 -72 years (mean 43.1 years).All patients were managed by standard courses of chemotherapy with quadruple anti-TB drugs for 2 - 4 weeks.Patients were treated by anterolateral debridement,autologous iliac bone graft fixed by absorbable screw fixation,and posterior pedicle screw fixation via multi-split muscle gap (Wiltse approach).We recorded the operation time,the amount of bleeding,bone graft fusion,postoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),Cobb angle,VAS score,and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)score to evaluate the surgical results.Results The average operation time was 175-290 min, with an average of (248±42)min.The bleeding volume was 300 -900 mL with an average of (420 ±68)mL.The average follow-up time was (24 ± 5.2 )months,bone fusion rate was 100%,and fusion time was (4.7 ± 0.5 ) months.At the last follow-up,the average Cobb angle was (8.2±3.1)°,VAS was (2.1±0.8),and ESR was (17± 4.2)mm/h.The ASIA neurological functions were all classified as Grade E except for 3 cases of Grade D.All these were significantly different from the preoperative ones.Six patients had complications of different degree but without serious complications.Conclusion One-stage anterolateral debridement,autologous iliac bone graft fixedby absorbable screw fixation,and posterior pedicle screw fixation via multi-split muscle gap (Wiltse approach)can completely remove the tuberculosis lesions and achieve ideal kyphosis correction,high bone graft fusion,and satisfactory neurological function recovery.Absorbable screws can be safely applied to the bone graft site after debridement.

Simultaneous determination of six constituents in Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills by HPLC / 中成药

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of six constituents in Tibetan medicine Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills (Croci Stigma,Dalbergiae odoriferae Lignum,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,etc.).METHODS The analysis of 50％ methanol extract of this drug was carried out on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Inertsil(C)ODS-3 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.2％ phosphoric acid-acetonitrile flowing at 0.8 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm.RESULTS Gallic acid,corilagin,agarotetrol,ellagic acid,crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 1.41-42.24,0.61-18.24,0.30-9.12,0.47-14.04,0.62-18.48 and 0.32-9.45 μg/mL (R2 ≥0.999 4),whose average recoveries (RSDs) were 93.41％ (1.75％),96.84％ (1.75％),97.45％ (0.58％),93.22％ (0.56％),97.01％ (1.39％) and 97.22％ (1.11％),respectively.The contents of various constituents in different batches of samples from two manufactures showed some differences,especially for those of corilagin and agarotetrol.CONCLUSION We should pay attention to the unstable quality of Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills.

Acetyl-L-carnitine: An Effective Antioxidant against Cryo-damage on Human Spermatozoa with Asthenospermia / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

A variety of natural and artificial cryoprotectant extenders have been explored to enhance sperm recovery following cryopreservation-thawing process.The current investigation is aimed at evaluating the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on human spermatozoa and reactive species oxygen (ROS) level after freezing-thawing process.The spermatozoa were collected from 35 male patients diagnosed as having asthenospermia.The cryopreservation of human spermatozoa treated with acetyl-L-camitine at different concentrations (group B:2.5 mmol/L,group C:7.5 mmol/L,group D:15 mmol/L) was compared with control (group A:no acetyl-L-carnitine given).For the frozen-thawed spermatozoa,the viability,motility and DNA integrity were measured by comet assay,acrosome integrity by FITC-PNA staining and ROS level was determined in each group.The results showed that there were no significant differences in motility and viability between group A and group B,while the motility and viability of spermatozoa in group C and group D were significantly increased as compared with those in group A.As compared with group A,the values for DNA integrity parameters including comet rate (CR),tail DNA percentage (TD),tail length (TL) and Oliver tail moment (OTM) were significantly reduced in group C and group D.Group C and group D also displayed a higher proportion of intact acrosome than group A.No significant difference in ROS level was found between group A and group B,while with the increase in acetyl-L-camitine concentration,the ROS level in groups C and D was significantly reduced as compared with that in group A.In conclusion,acetyl-L-camitine at a concentration of 7.5 mmol/L is an effective antioxidant against cryo-damage on post-thawed human spermatozoa.

Effect of electric vagal stimulation on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of electric vagal stimulation on myocardial ischemia-reperfu-sion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 4-5 months,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =15 each):sham operation group (S group),I/R group,electric vagal stimulation group (EVS group).Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in I/R and EVS groups.In group EVS,the left cervical vagus nerve trank was stimulated for 30 min with continuous electric pulses (5 V,2 ms,10 Hz) starting from 10 min before reperfusion until 10 min of reperfusion.The animals were sacrificed at the end of 120 min reperfusion and the hearts were removed for determination of the infarct size,TNF-α and IL-6 contents and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in myocardial tissues.Results Compared with group S,the infarct size was significantly enlarged,and TNF-α and IL-6 contents and MPO activity were increased in I/R and EVS groups (P ＜ 0.05).The infarct size was significantly smaller,TNF-α and IL-6 contents and MPO activity were lower in EVS group than in I/R group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Electric vagal stimulation can reduce myocardial I/R injury in rats and activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is involved in the mechanism.

Study of a new zebrafish mutant defective in primitive myelopoiesis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To perform phenotypic identification and characteristic analysis of a new zebrafish mutant 1276 defective in primitive myelopoiesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The AB strain male zebrafish were mutagenized with N-ethyl N-nitrosourea (ENU) to induce mutations in the spermatogonial cells, and the mutations were transmitted to the offsprings. The F3 embryos were screened by neutral red staining for identifying the mutants defective in primitive myelopoiesis. One of the myeloid mutants 1276 was further studied by cytochemistry and whole mount in stiu hybridization (WISH) with different lineage markers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 2140 mutagenized genomes from the 1296 F2 families were analyzed, and 12 mutants were identified to show abnormal signal by neutral red staining. In the primitive hematopoiesis stage, the mutant 1276 showed the absence of neutral red staining-positive cells in the whole body. The expression of microglia marker apoe was totally lost in the head of the mutant, and the expression of the macrophage marker l-plastin was slightly decreased in the head and remained normal in the ventral dorsal aorta region, but the granulocytes and erythrocytes developed normally. in the definitive hematopoiesis stage, the mutant 1276 still showed abnormal macrophages as found in the primitive hematopoiesis stage, but the granulocytes, erythrocytes and lymphocytes appeared normal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The zebrafish mutant 1276 shows abnormalities in the function, development and migration of the macrophages in the primitive hematopoiesis stage, which can not be compensated in the definitive hematopoiesis stage.</p>